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  <front xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="elibrary">9004</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Problems of information security. Computer systems</journal-title>
        <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
          <trans-title>Проблемы информационной безопасности. Компьютерные системы</trans-title>
        </trans-title-group>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="epub">2071-8217</issn>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">7</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.48612/jisp/39ak-3h78-b99n</article-id>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Ensuring byzantine fault tolerance of a distributed ledgers in a smart city based on a trust model</article-title>
        <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
          <trans-title>Обеспечение византийской отказоустойчивости распределенного реестра в умном городе на основе модели доверия</trans-title>
        </trans-title-group>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Vasiliev</surname>
            <given-names>Oleg</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
          <email>vasiliev_os@spbstu.ru</email>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-2264-7513</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Krundyshev</surname>
            <given-names>Vasiliy</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
          <email>krundyshev_vm@spbstu.ru</email>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-9732-0099</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Kalinin</surname>
            <given-names>Maxim</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
          <email>max@ibks.spbstu.ru</email>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff1">Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University</aff>
      <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-09-30">
        <day>30</day>
        <month>09</month>
        <year>2025</year>
      </pub-date>
      <issue>3</issue>
      <fpage>81</fpage>
      <lpage>90</lpage>
      <self-uri xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" content-type="pdf" xlink:href="https://jisp.spbstu.ru/userfiles/files/soderzhaniya/pib_3_7-8.pdf"/>
      <abstract xml:lang="en">
        <p>The paper examines the problem of ensuring Byzantine fault tolerance in smart city distributed ledger systems. To improve the security of distributed ledgers, it is proposed to use the hashgraph distributed consensus protocol, in which events are organized as a directed acyclic graph, and nodes exchange “gossip about gossip”. The traditional hashgraph protocol has been supplemented with the developed trust model that reduces the impact of malicious devices when reaching consensus in digital infrastructures of a smart city.</p>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <kwd>Byzantine fault tolerance</kwd>
        <kwd>consensus</kwd>
        <kwd>trust model</kwd>
        <kwd>directed acyclic graph</kwd>
        <kwd>distributed ledger</kwd>
        <kwd>node reputation</kwd>
        <kwd>smart city</kwd>
        <kwd>DAG</kwd>
        <kwd>hashgraph</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
</article>
